Toxic by-products
Toxic by-products, also known as disinfection by-products (DBPs), can be formed during the treatment of drinking water when disinfectants react with organic matter in the water.
Several DBPs can be formed, including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and bromate.
Exposure to high levels of DBPs has been linked to an increased risk of cancer and other health problems. The levels of DBPs in drinking water are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory agencies to ensure they do not pose a risk to human health.
To reduce the formation of DBPs, water treatment plants may use alternative disinfectants or modify treatment processes to minimize the amount of organic matter in the water. Water utilities may also monitor DBP levels in the treated water and take steps to reduce DBPs if necessary.
There are several types of toxic by-products, also known as disinfection by-products (DBPs), that can be formed during the treatment of drinking water:
- Trihalomethanes (THMs): THMs are compounds formed when chlorine or other halogen disinfectants react with organic matter in the water. The most common THMs are chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform.
- Haloacetic acids (HAAs): HAAs are compounds formed when chlorine or other halogen disinfectants react with organic matter in the water. The most common HAAs are monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and monobromoacetic acid.
- Bromate: Bromate is a compound that can be formed when ozone is used as a disinfectant, and the water contains high levels of bromide
- Chlorite: Chlorite is a compound that can be formed when chlorine dioxide is used as a disinfectant.
Exposure to high levels of DBPs has been linked to an increased risk of cancer and other health problems. The levels of DBPs in drinking water are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory agencies to ensure they do not pose a risk to human health.
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